The Chapter About سُجُودِ السَّهْوِ (The Prostration For Absent-Mindedness)
وَسُـجُودُ السَّهْوِ (The prostration for absent-mindedness) is سَجْـدَتَـان (two prostrations) قَـبْلَ سـَـلاَمِـهِ (before the worshipper’s salaam). إِنْ نَـقَصَ سُـنَّةً مُـؤَكَّدَةً (if he has omitted a sunnah mu’akkadah), تَشَهَّدُ لَـهُمَا (He also should recites the tashah-hud with the two prostrations) وَيُسَلِّمُ مِنْهُمَا (and then he pronounces the salaam for them).
وَإِنْ زَادَ (If the worshippers adds something to the prayer), سَجَـدَ بَـعْدَ سَـلاَمِـهِ (he should perform the prostration for absent-mindedness after his salaam). وَإِنْ نَـقَصَ وَزَادَ (If he [both] omits something from the prayer and adds something to the same prayer), سَجَـدَ قَـبْلَ سَـلاَمِـهِ (he should perform sujuudu-s-sahw before his salaam) لِأَنَّهُ يُـغْلَبُ جَنَائِـبَ النَّقْصِ (because the portion he omitted is given precedence) عَلَى جَنَائِبَ الزِّيَادَةِ (over the portion he added).
والسَّاهِـي فِـي صَـلاَتِـهِ (Absent-mindedness of the worshipper in his prayer) عَـلَى ثَـلاَثَـةِ أَقْـسَامٍ (is of three kinds):
1) تَـارَةً (Sometimes), يَـسْهُو عَـنْ نقْصِ (the worshipper absent-mindedly omits) فَـرْضٍ مِـنْ فَـرَائِـضِ صَـلاَتِـهِ (one of the obligatory actions of his prayer). فَـلاَ يَـجْبَرُ (An obligatory action cannot be restored by the prostration for forgetfulness). وَلاَ بُـدَّ الإتْـيَانِ بِـهِ (There is no doubt, about having to do it). وَإِنْ لَـمْ يَـذْكُـرْ ذَالِـكَ (If he does not remember the omission) حَـتَّى سَـلَّمَ (until he has pronounced the salaam) أَوْ طَـالَ (or a long time passed [before he remembers]), بَـطَلَتْ صَـلاَتُهُ (his prayer becomes invalid) وَيَـبْتَدِئُـهَا (and he should start it over again).
2) تَـارَةً (Sometimes), يَـسْهُو عَـنْ فَـضِيلَةٍ مِـنْ فَـضَائِـلِ صَـلاَتِـهِ (the worshipper absent-mindedly omits one of the meritorious actions of his prayer) كَـالْـقُنُوتُ (like the Qunuut), وَرَبَّنَا وَلَـكَ الْـحَـمْدُ (Rabbanaa wa laka-l-ḥamd), وَتَكْبِيرَةٍ وَاحِـدَةٍ (one Allahu Akbar) وَشَـبْهِ ذَالِـكَ (and what is similar to that). فَـلاَ سُـجُودَ عَـلَيهِ (He is not required to perform the prostration for absentmindedness) فِـي شَـيْءٍ مِـنْ ذَالِـكَ (for any of these omissions). مَـتَى سَجَـدَ (If the worshipper performs sujuud) لِشَـيْءٍ مِـنْ ذَالِـكَ (for any of these omissions), قَـبْلَ سـَـلاَمِـهِ (before he pronounces his salaam), بَـطَلَتْ صَـلاَتُـهُ (his prayer becomes invalid) وَيَـبْتَدِئُـهَا (and he should start it over again).
3) تَـارَةً (Sometimes), يَـسْهُو عَـنْ سُـنَّةٍ مِـنْ سُـنَـنِ صَـلاَتِـهِ (the worshipper absent-mindedly omits one of the sunnah actions of his prayer), كَـالسُّورةِ مَـعَ أُمِّ الْـقُرآنِ (like the chapter that comes with the Ummu-l-Qur’ān) أَوْ تَـكْبِيرَتَـيْنِ (or two takbiirs) أَوِ التَّشَهُّدَيْـنِ (or the two tashah-hud) أَوِ الْـجُـلُوسِ لَـهُمَا (or the sitting that is done for the two tashahhud) وَمَـا أَشْـبَهُ ذَالِـكَ (and what is similar to these things). فَيَشْجُـدُ لِـذَالِـكَ (The worshipper should perform the prostration for absentmindedness for the omission of these actions).
وَلاَ يَـقُوتُ الْـبَعْدِيُّ (The prostration for absentmindedness which is performed after the salaam should not be left undone) بِـالنِسْـيَانِ (if it is forgotten). (The worshipper should perform it), وَلَـوْ ذَكَـرَهُ بَـعْدَ شَهْـرِ (even if he remembers it after a month). وَلَوْ قَدَّمَ السُّجُودَ الْـبَعْدِيَّ (Whether it occurred before the prostration for absentmindedness which comes after the salaam) أَوْ أَخَّرَ السُّجُودَ الْـقَبْلِيَّ (or occurred after the prostration for absentmindedness which comes before the salaam), أَجْـزَأَهُ ذَالِـكَ (he must compensate for these errors), however, وَلاَ تُبْطَلُ صَـلاَتُـهُ (his prayer does not become nullified). عَـلَى الْـمَشْهُورِ (This is in accordance what is well known in the Māliki madh-hab).
وَمَنْ لَم يَدْرِ مَا صَلَّى (He who is unable to remember whether he prayed) ثَلاَثًـا أَوِ اثْـنَتَيْنِ (three rakʿahs or two), فَـإنَّهُ يَـبْنَى عَـلَى أَقَـلِّ (should determine the matter based upon the lesser amount of rakʿahs) وَ يَـأْتِـي بِـمَا شَـكَّ فِـيهِ (and perform the number of rakʿahs in which there is doubt). وَيَـسْجُـدُ (He should then perform the prostration for absentmindedness) بَـعْدَ سَـلاَمِـهِ (after his salaam). وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ (Allah is the Best Knower)).
